Below-Grade

KK Times Square
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

BACKGROUND
Dubbed Kota Kinabalu’s largest ever urban commercial project, KK Times Square is a sprawling, 23-acre development designed to accommodate the city’s expanding commercial activities. Comprised of a combination of office and retail facilities and public spaces, KK Times Square will offer shopping, dining, entertainment and leisure activities for Kota Kinabalu residents and the city’s growing tourism industry.

KK Times Square is being built in two phases. Phase One is an ultramodern, eight-acre development of 12 five-, six- and eight-story buildings with a total floor space of more than 645,000 square feet (59,922 m2).

When selecting a concrete waterproofing system for Phase One, the project team had several key concerns. First, given the project’s scope and timeline, affordability and ease of application were critical. Knowing that some concrete waterproofing systems deteriorate over time, they wanted a system that would be long lasting, thereby minimizing future repair costs and inconvenience to tenants and their patrons. And, in light of the project’s proximity to Sutera Harbour in the South China Sea, they needed a waterproofing system that could withstand significant hydrostatic pressure and protect against the corrosion of steel reinforcements.

SOLUTION
After considering several options, the project team selected the Krystol Concrete Waterproofing System. The Krystol system uses advanced integral crystalline waterproofing technology to transform porous concrete into a permanent, water-resistant barrier and provides a guaranteed defense against water damage and steel reinforcement corrosion.

When combined with water and concrete, Krystol causes millions of needle-like crystals to grow and spread concrete, filling the spaces between concrete particles and permanently blocking the movement of water and waterborne contaminants. If cracks later form, incoming water cause additional crystals to grow, filling the cracks and ensuring that the structure's waterproofing barrier is protected.

By eliminating the need for external waterproofing membranes, the Krystol Concrete Waterproofing System saves construction time and costs. It provides maximum flexibility and can be used any time before, during or after the construction process.
Unlike external waterproofing membranes, Krystol will not deteriorate – it’s guaranteed to last the lifetime of the structure. The Krystol Concrete Waterproofing System includes:

• Krystol Internal Membrane™ (KIM®), an admixture suitable for new concrete construction
• Krystol T1®/T2®, a cementitious system for waterproofing existing concrete structures
• The Krystol Waterstop System™, an advanced joint design system that provides both physical and chemical waterproofing
  barriers
• The Krystol crack repair system, which repairs concrete cracks and protects against future leaks.

More than 55,000 kg (121,252 lbs) of KIM, and 7,250 m3 (9.483 cubic yards) of KIM-treated concrete were used in the basement slabs and elevator pits of KK Times Square Phase One.

In excess of 25,000 kg (55,115 lbs) of Krystol T1/T2 was used to the elevated car ramps and pedestrian walkways, drainage areas and rooftops around the 12 Phase One buildings.

And 2,400 m (7,874 ft) of joints in the retaining walls and basement slab-to-slab areas were treated with the Krystol Waterstop System.

KK Times Square Phase One is scheduled for completion in mid-2007.

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Basement slabs being poured with KIM concrete.

Aerial rendering of KK Times Square when completed.

Above and Below: Elevated car ramp and pedestrian walkway in construction, to be waterproofed with Krystol T1/T2