(1) a mineral having the composition calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and a specific crystal structure; (2) the principal constituent of limestone, chalk, and marble; (3) a major constituent in the manufacture of portland cement.
a silver-white metallic element of the alkaline-earth group occurring naturally only in combination with other elements.
(1) spraying of shotcrete in successive layers to form a thicker mass; (2) the accumulation of residual hardened concrete in a mixer.
(1) a partition in formwork blocking fresh concrete from a section of theform, or a partition closing a section of the form, such as at a construction joint; (2) a partition in a storage tank or bin, as for cement or aggregate.
increase in the volume occupied by a quantity of sand in a moist condition over the volume of the same quantity dry or completely inundated.
a molded specimen of mortar with enlarged extremities and reduced center having a cross section of definite area, used for measurement of tensile strength (also called a briquet).
to toss granular material, such as sand, over a horizontal surface so that a thin, uniform layer is obtained.
(1) adhesion of concrete or mortar to reinforcement or other surfaces against which it is placed, including friction and mechanical interlock; (2) adhesion of cement paste to aggregate; (3) adhesion, cohesion, or both between materials; (4) patterns for
the autogenous flow of mixing water within, or its emergence from, a newly placed cementitious mixture caused by the settlement of solid materials within the mass.
any superficial defect that causes visible variation from a consistently smooth and uniformly colored surface of hardened concrete. (See alsobug holes, efflorescence, honeycomb, lift joint, laitance, popout, rock pocket, and sand streak.)
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