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the fineness of portland cement, expressed as total surface area in square centimeters per gram, determined by the Wagner turbidimeter apparatus and procedure.
a vertical element used primarily to enclose or separate spaces.
a retainer or mold so erected as to give the necessary shape, support, andfinish to a concrete wall.
(1) the partial hydration of cement stored for a time and exposed to atmospheric moisture; (2) mechanical compaction occurring during storage. (See also sticky cement.)
out-of-plane deformation of the corners, edges, and surface of a pavement, slab, or wall panel from its original shape. (See also curling.)
a joint with the sole function of permitting warping of pavement slabs when moisture and temperature differentials occur between the top and bottom of the slabs, that is, longitudinal or transverse joints with bonded steel or tie bars passing through them
water carried on a truck mixer in a special tank for flushing the interior ofthe mixer after discharge of the concrete.
a system of cutting or abrading a surface such as concrete by a stream of water ejected from a nozzle at high velocity.
a device in the nozzle body of dry-mix shotcrete equipment through which water is added to the materials.
void along the underside of an aggregate particle or reinforcing steel thatformed during the bleeding period, initially filled with bleed water.
the ratio of the mass of water, exclusive only of that absorbed by the aggregates, to the mass of portland cement in a cementitious mixture, stated as a decimal and abbreviated as w/c . (See also water-cementitious materials ratio.)
the ratio of the mass of water, excluding that absorbed by the aggregate, to the mass of cementitious material in a mixture, stated as a decimal and abbreviated w / cm . (See also water-cement ratio.)
an admixture that either increases slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasing water content, or maintains slump with a reduced amount of water, the effect being due to factors other than air entrainment.
property of a surface that resists wetting (by matter in either liquid or vapor state) but permits passage of water when hydrostatic pressure occurs. (See also watertight.)
see water-repellent (preferred term).
an idealized property of a material indicating imperviousness to water in either liquid or vapor state. (See also dampproofing.) Note: because nothing can be completely impervious to water underinfinite pressure over infinite time, this term should not be
see water-repellent.
see dampproofing (preferred term).
material used to impart water repellency to a structure or a constructional unit.
a thin sheet of metal, rubber, plastic, or other material inserted across a joint to obstruct the seepage of water through the joint.
impermeable to water except when under hydrostatic pressure sufficient toproduce structural discontinuity by rupture.
a topping or surface treatment to increase the resistance of a concretepavement or slab to abrasion.
changes in color, texture, strength, chemical composition or other properties of a natural or artificial material due to the action of the weather.
measuring the constituent materials for mortar or concrete by mass.
(obsolete) see welded-wire reinforcement (preferred term).
aggregate having a particle-size distribution that produces high density, that is, low void space.
covered with visible free moisture.
in the manufacture of cement, the process in which the raw materials are ground, blended, mixed, and pumped while mixed with water. (See also dry process.)
screening to remove from fresh concrete aggregate particles larger than a certain size.
use of water to facilitate sieving of a granular material on standard sieves.
a process for producing concrete items, such as pipe, that uses concrete having a measurable slump, generally placed from above,and consolidated by vibration. (See also centrifugal process, dry-cast process, packerhead process, and tamp process.)
shotcrete in which the ingredients, including water, are mixed before introduction into the delivery hose (also called wet-process shotcrete).
the condition of maximum water content at which cement grout and mortar will adhere to a vertical surface without sloughing.
a substance capable of lowering the surface tension of liquids, facilitating the wetting of solid surfaces and permitting the penetration of liquid into the capillaries.
portland cement that hydrates to a white paste; made from raw materials oflow iron content, the clinker for which is fired by a reducing flame. wind load pressure or suction due to wind on part or all of a surface of a structure. wing pile a bearing pile,
that property of freshly mixed concrete or mortar that determines the ease with which it can be mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished to a homogenous condition.
