CSI Master Format Specifications

Kryton International Inc.

SECTION 03305

Hydrophilic Crystalline Waterproofing for Concrete - Admixture

*ATTENTION SPECIFIER*  This section details the use of KIM and KIM-HS waterproofing admixtures for concrete manufactured by Kryton International Inc., which is located at:
 
    1645 East Kent Avenue
    Vancouver BC V5P 2S8
    Tel:  (800) 267-8280
    Te1:  (604) 324-8280
    Fax:  (604) 324-8899
    E-mail: info@kryton.com
    www.kryton.com
 
Kryton products waterproof concrete by a chemical process that develops insoluble hydration crystals called “Krystol” in the capillary pores of concrete.  This section outlines the use of Krystol as an admixture added to plastic concrete.  Additional applications for Krystol include:   A brush-on surface treatment for existing concrete called Krystol T1/T2 (Section 07162 and Technical Bulletins 101, 102 and 170), The Krystol Waterstop System for non-moving construction joints (section 03152 and Technical Bulletins 103 and 104) and dry shake for concrete flatwork (section 07162 and Technical Bulletin 205).

Two versions of the admixture are available:  KIM (Krystol Internal Membrane), which normally provides sufficient air entrainment to provide freeze-thaw protection, and KIM-HS with reduced air entrainment.  Throughout this specification, the admixture is called KIM, but may refer to KIM or KIM-HS depending on the requirements of the project.  Edit this specification for KIM or KIM-HS as appropriate. 

KIM produces waterproof concrete able to resist high hydrostatic pressure and can replace the use of conventional waterproofing membranes for below grade concrete.  Krystol chemicals remain active for the life of the concrete, and allow for “self-sealing” of cracked, leaking concrete up to 0.5mm.  KIM also promotes increased workability and higher compressive strength.  KIM is approved for use by NSF International for use in potable water and ICC-ES for use as a Chemical Admixture for Concrete.  The combined system of KIM admixture and the Krystol Waterstop System can produce watertight structures while saving time and money compared to traditional membranes and joint systems.

KIM admixture can be used above and below grade, and is especially useful for reservoirs, sewage and water treatment plants, secondary containment units, tunnels and subway systems, underground vaults, foundations, parking structures, swimming pools, precast concrete components or any application that requires waterproof, durable concrete.

KIM concrete should be cured for a minimum of 28 days before applying any coating.  The coating contractor is ultimately responsible for assessing the suitability of the concrete for painting and performing all necessary surface preparation.

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Crystalline waterproofing admixture – Provide KIM, hydrophilic, crystalline admixture that when added to the plastic mix will permanently waterproof hardened concrete by way of chemically promoting the growth of insoluble hydration crystals in the capillary pores.

B. Provide all written materials, concrete mix design and site services necessary to complete the installation as herein specified.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS
*ATTENTION SPECIFIER*  Edit to add or remove sections as required for the project.

A. Section 03300 – Cast-in-Place Concrete

B. Section 03350 – Concrete Finishers.

C. Section 03152 – Concrete Joint Control.

1.3 REFERENCES
*ATTENTION SPECIFIER*  Delete references not required for the final specification.

A. ACI 305R - Hot Weather Concreting; 1999.

B. ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting; 1988.

C. ACI 308 - Standard Practice for Curing Concrete; 1992 (Reapproved 1997).

D. ASTM C 39/C 39M - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens; 1999.

E. ASTM C 309 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete; 1998a.

F. ASTM C 666 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing; 1997.

G. BS 5075-2: 1998 – Concrete Admixtures: Specification for Air Entraining Admixtures.

H. ASTM E 329 - Standard Specification for Agencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Materials Used in Construction; 1998a.

I. COE CRD-C 48 - Standard Test Method for Water Permeability of Concrete; 1992.

J. AASHTO T277 – Standard Method to Test for Rapid Determination of Chloride Permeability of Concrete.

K. NSF 61 - Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects; 2000a.

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Certificates of Conformance or Compliance: before delivery of the materials a copy of the manufacturer’s certificates, attesting that materials meet the requirements specified, shall be submitted to and approved by the contracting officer.

B. Product Literature: Manufacturer’s descriptive product literature shall be submitted and shall consist of detailed specifications, available performance test data and instructions for additive addition.

C. Certified Laboratory Test Reports – Before delivery of materials, copies of the reports of all tests specified herein or in reference publications shall be submitted to and approved by the contracting officer.

D. Test reports shall be accompanied by certificates from the manufacturer certifying that the previously tested material is of the same type, quality and make as that proposed for this project.

E. References: Product must have a history of over 15 years of successful use and must be accompanied by a list of job sites of a similar nature.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Provide KIM (Krystol Internal Membrane) waterproofing admixture manufactured by Kryton International Inc., 1645 East Kent Avenue, Vancouver BC, V5P 2S8.  Tel: (604) 324-8280 or other licensed manufacturing facility.

B. The addition of KIM to the pre-approved mix design shall be by a concrete ready-mix supplier approved by the manufacturer.  Addition of KIM by a non-approved supplier must be under direct supervision of a manufacturer’s representative or an independent materials engineering company.

C. The concrete waterproofing admixture KIM shall comply with CAN/CSA A266 – 1-M in the latest addition as both a WR type water reducing admixture and optionally as an air entraining admixture and ASTM C494 and as a Type D, water-reducing set retarding admixture.

D. Waterproofing admixture to be certified by International Code Council (ICC) as a Chemical Admixture Used in Concrete (AC198).

E. Waterproofing admixture shall hold a valid Agrément Certificate from the British Board of Agrément.

F. Prior to installation, hold a meeting of all relevant parties required for successful installation of waterproofing products to verify installation methods and warranty requirements.  Relevant parties may include the waterproofing installer, installers of adjacent work or work penetrating waterproofing, manufacturer’s representative and project engineer/architect.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver materials in manufacturer's original, unopened, undamaged packages bearing the manufacturer’s name, brand designation and batch number.

B. Store materials in a dry storage area to avoid contact with moisture.

1.7 WARRANTY

A. Provide manufacturer’s standard warranty document authorized by manufacturer’s representative for 25 year material warranty from date of substantial completion.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 Concrete Waterproofing System

A. System Components:  The system shall consist of the waterproofing chemical admixture, KIM and the cementitious waterproofing Krystol Waterstop System for construction joints manufactured by Kryton International Inc. - located at: 1645 East Kent Avenue, Vancouver BC V5P 2S8; Toll Free Tel: 800-267-8280; Tel: 604-324-8280; Fax: 604-324-8899 or other licensed manufacturing facility.

B. Cementitious admixture shall consist of cement, quartz silica and other hydrophilic chemicals which promote the growth of insoluble hydration crystals within the concrete.

C. The waterproofing admixture shall not contain chlorides.

D. The waterproofing admixture shall not provide waterproofing by way of hydrophobic materials such as oils, stearates, silanes, silicate salts or other hydrophobic treatment.  Manufacturer must certify in writing the absence of these materials.

E. Obtain all crystalline waterproofing products from a single source.

F. Substitutions:  Not permitted.

2.2 MATERIALS

A. Waterproofing Admixture:  KIM (Krystol Internal Membrane); proprietary compound consisting of Portland cement, quartz silica and active ingredients; when properly added to an approved mix design and delivered by an approved concrete producer, shall produce concrete that complies with specified requirements in Section 03300 and the following:

1. Krystol Growth:  Evidenced by scanning electron microscope photographs comparing KIM treated concrete to untreated concrete.
2. Permeability:  No measurable leakage through KIM treated concrete when tested in accordance with COE CRD-C 48 at 140 m (460 feet) of head or 1400 kPa (203 psi).
3. Chemical Resistance:  Minimum 20% less weight loss compared to untreated specimen after exposure to 5% sulfuric acid for 70 days:
4. Compressive Strength:  At least 10 percent increase in strength compared to samples prepared without admixture, when tested in accordance with ASTM C 39/C 39M after 28 days.
5. Chloride Penetration Resistance:  Rating of Low to Very Low for KIM treated concrete when tested using AASHTO T277.
6. Drying Shrinkage:  Minimum 20% reduced drying shrinkage compared to untreated concrete when tested according to BS 1881-5.
7. Self Sealing:  Enhanced autogenous crack sealing of concrete compared to untreated concrete up to 0.5mm (0.02 inches); verified by independent testing.
8. Carbonation Resistance:  No increase in rate of carbonation compared to untreated concrete when exposed to a 4% carbon dioxide atmosphere for 28 days.
9. Sulfate Resistance:  Improved resistance to sulfate attack compared to untreated concrete when tested to the US Bureau of Reclamation Accelerated Method.
10. Potable Water Contact Approval:  NSF certification for use on structures holding potable water, based on testing in accordance with NSF 61.

B. The KIM admixture shall be provided mixed into concrete produced by a ready-mix supplier approved by the manufacturer.  The concrete supplier must ensure that the admixture is being stored, added and mixed according to the manufacturer’s written procedures.

C. Not withstanding other requirements, the concrete and jointing shall be cured and protected in accordance with CSA A23.1-21.1.4, ACI 308-92 or where applicable an international equivalent.

PART 3  EXECUTION

3.1 CONCRETE MIXING AND PLACING

A. Comply with requirements of Section 03300.

*ATTENTION SPECIFIER*  KIM admixture normally functions as a set retarder.  The amount of retardation will depend upon many factors including the concrete mix design, batching procedures and temperature conditions.  Trial batches are recommended.

B. Safety precautions shall conform to the manufacturer’s MSDS, printed literature and all current regulations.

C. KIM Admixture:

1. Concrete shall be designed in accordance with the standard recommended practices for selecting proportions for concrete; ACI 211.
2. KIM shall be added to the pre-approved mix design in the plastic state at a rate of 2% of the cementitious content (including fly ash) to a maximum of 8 Kg per cubic meter (13.5 lbs per cubic yard) at the ready-mix plant or when pre-approved by the manufacturer added at the job site.
3. KIM admixture shall be added in addition to the total weight of the cementitious materials.
4. KIM shall be mixed for a minimum of 10 minutes.
5. KIM shall be strictly added as per the manufacturer’s written instructions.
6. Provide concrete with a maximum water-to-cementing materials ratio of 0.45 proportioned to meet all other structural and exposure criteria cited elsewhere in the documents.  The Portland cement content shall not be less than 250 Kg per cubic meter (420 lbs per cubic yard).
7. For Shotcrete applications, the maximum water-to-cementing materials ratio is 0.40.  Shotcrete shall be applied according to ACI 506R Guide to Shotcrete by an ACI approved nozzelman who is qualified in the shooting method employed and has passed jobsite prequalification testing.

D. Trial mixes made under typical project conditions shall be used to determine that the setting time, slump, air content and compressive strength of the concrete are suitable for the project.

E. Follow ACI guidelines when placing concrete in extreme temperature conditions; follow ACI 305R for hot weather concreting and ACI 306R for cold weather concreting.  Monomolecular films (evaporation retardants) are recommended for slabs during conditions prone to rapid evaporation (hot, dry, or windy conditions).

F. Moist cure concrete in accordance with ACI 308; if moist curing is not possible, use curing compound complying with ASTM C 309.

3.2        CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

A. The Krystol Waterstop System shall be installed in all non-moving construction joints according to Kryton Technical Bulletins #103 and #104.

B. All pipe penetrations shall be treated as per the manufacturer’s recommendations (Kryton Technical Bulletin 204A).

C. After completion of pour, all tie-holes shall be soaked to a surface saturated condition and packed with Krystol Plug and Krystol Bari-cote as per Kryton Technical Bulletin #180 or Krystol Waterstop Grout as per Kryton Technical Bulletin #380.

3.3        CRACKS AND DEFECTS

A. Leaking cracks that do not self-seal in the time required by other construction, or are larger than 0.5mm (0.02 inches), shall be repaired according to Kryton Technical Bulletin #101.

1. Mechanically chase out cracks to 1” (25mm) wide and 1.5” (38mm) deep.  Careful attention must be taken to ensure the chase is square or “U” shaped and not “V” shaped.
2. Fill first 1/3 of chase with grouting mortar, KRYSTOL PLUG.
3. Fill second 1/3 of chase with dry pack of KRYSTOL T1.
4. Fill final 1/3 of chase with waterproof cap, KRYSTOL BARI-COTE.
5. Apply a slurry coat of KRYSTOL T1 over the repaired crack extending 15cm (6 inches) on either side of the crack.  After KRYSTOL T1 has set, apply a slurry coat of KRTSTOL T2 over the KRYSTOL T1.

B. Rock pockets, honeycombing and tie holes: repair as per Technical Bulletin #180.

1. Rout out defective areas to sound concrete.
2. Remove loose material and saturate with water.
3. If defect is actively leaking, install rapid setting grout, KRYSTOL PLUG to a max depth of 1/3 of the defect.
4. Fill defect with waterproof capping material, KRYSTOL BARI-COTE.

3.4        FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Manufacturer's Site Services:  Provide manufacturer's site services consisting of product recommendations and site visits to verify batching and installation procedures when required by manufacturer.

*ATTENTION SPECIFIER*  Not all applications will be possible or relevant to water test.  Measure change in water level to determine if leaks exist if leaks cannot be directly observed.  Delete this section if not required.

B. Where applicable, water test structures capable of holding water for 24 hours after conclusion of curing period.  Repair identified leaks and repeat water testing until structure is watertight

3.5        CLEANING AND PROTECTION

A. Protect waterproofed concrete from damage during construction.

B. When backfilling occurs less than 7 days after installation, use moist backfill material.

C. Concrete must be cured a minimum of 28 days before applying paint or other coatings.  Surface preparation and application should follow guidelines supplied by the paint/coating’s manufacturer.

END OF SECTION

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