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KIMŽ Comparison Chart
| KIM | Densifying Admixtures | Membranes (Positive side) | Surface-Applied Products | |
| Description of System | Cementitous material added to fresh concrete to grow billions of needle-like hydration crystals within the concrete mass. | Mineral and chemical materials (pozzolans and silicates) that fill pores in concrete and reduce permeability when added to fresh concrete. | Liquid and sheet applied bitumens and polymers affixed to the concrete surface. | Materials applied to concrete surfaces containing mainly water repellents and sealants. |
| Resistance to hydrostatic water pressure | . Initiates full hydration . Improves over time . Continuous self- healing capabilities |
. Reduces initial absorption but will succumb to pressure of water and contaminants in time
. Will not resist penetration at cracks and voids |
. Protection breached by any pinhole or seam . Details, joints and workmanship must be in pristine condition . Once leaking, will require replacement |
. Similar to densifying admixtures . Resistance deteriorates from day one until failure . Once leaking, will require repair |
| Protection of reinforcing steel | . Permanent protection . Krystol prevents any permeation of water, contaminants and chloride-laden liquids |
. Limited protection as it slows the water ingress but does not stop it . No protection from cracks |
. Used in conjunction with other materials . Details, joints and workmanship must be in pristine condition . No negative side protection |
• Limited protection as it slows the water ingress in uncracked locations |
| Crack resistance | . Reduces cracking in plastic and curing stage . Self heals minor cracking with presence of moisture |
. No crack resistance . May increase cracking in concrete |
. Will crack if concrete cracks . Limited time barrier at existing crack locations |
. No crack resistance . Temporarily fills existing cracks |
| Freeze/thaw durability | . Improves durability by removing expansion and contraction of water within concrete
. Eliminates water penetration at cracks |
. Improves durability of solid, uncracked concrete . Rapid steel and load strength deterioration at cracked locations |
. Slows deteriorating factors initially . Durability contingent on zero tolerance of cracks and openings |
. Slows deteriorating factors initially
. No durability properties at crack locations |
| Application | . Mixed at batch plant or on-site . No additional applications required |
. Mixed at batch plant or on-site | . Requires significant labor component
. Correct jointing and seaming critical to performance |
. Requires significant labor component . Substrate profile critical to performance |
| Surface preparation | . No surface prep | . No surface prep | . Clean surface . Smooth surface . Dry surface |
. Clean surface . Open pore surface . Water saturated |
| Construction Schedule | . Save 10-50% time and construction costs | . Part of two step system . Requires crack detailing later |
. Must be applied at completion of structural work, prior to back fill | . Some require 28 day cured concrete
. Similar scheduling as membranes |
| Effective land usage | . Can build tight with property lines | . Can build tight with property lines | . Space required between property line and concrete for membrane installation | . Space required between property line and concrete for surface application |
| Sub-surface drainage system | . Not required | . Requires drainage under heavy hydrostatic pressures | . Requires drainage under heavy hydrostatic pressures | . Requires drainage under heavy hydrostatic pressures |
| Additional coatings | . Does not affect coatings
. Adhesion excellent for coatings and tiles |
. Does not affect coatings . Cracks require treatment |
. Poor adhesion for coatings and tiles | . Possible adhesion problems . Generally require removal prior to coatings or adhesion |
| Maintenance | . No maintenance required for the life of the concrete | . Continuous maintenance required at cracked locations | . Costly replacement generally required | . Re-application required in hydrostatic conditions |
| Life of protection | . Lifetime of the concrete | . 1 to 2 years . Used in conjunction with other materials |
. Becomes brittle with age resulting in cracks and openings . Surface damage will eliminate protection |
. Varies based on exposure to water pressure and surface wear . Surface damage will cause leaks sooner |
| Performance Guarantee | . 25 years or life of the concrete | . None | . Limited 5 and 10 year
. Conditional on installation by trained applicators |
. None |
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